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The exclusive use of gruit was gradually phased …

Comment posted on Martini by leonard

The exclusive use of gruit was gradually phased out in favor of the use of hops alone in a slow sweep across Europe occurring between the 11th century (in the south and east of the Holy Roman Empire) and the late 16th century (Great Britain).[citation needed] In 16th century Britain, a distinction was made between ale, which was unhopped, and beer, brought by Dutch merchants, which was hopped. Nowadays, however, ale refers to beers produced through a top-fermentation process, not unhopped beer.

The phasing out of gruit from brewing is linked to various factors. A possible political factor would be the general emancipation of princes (mainly German) from the political influence of the Roman Catholic Church[citation needed] in a movement that eventually was to lead to Martin Luther’s protestations turning into a fully-fledged uprising of those princes against the authority of Rome, in what is known as the Reformation. Princes wanting to undermine the power of the Church therefore tended to promote brewing with hops rather than gruit, to try and cut off this revenue for the monastic orders who had a monopoly on it.

Some authors present the switch to hops as a Protestant crackdown on feisty Catholic tradition, and as a Puritan move to try and keep people from enjoying themselves with aphrodisiac and stimulating gruit ales by imposing the sedative effects of hops instead.[1] However, the switch to hops started in Germany some four or five centuries before the Reformation.[citation needed] Its later gradual enforcement in the 15th and early 16th centuries can in part be traced through legislation drafted by political rulers before the Reformation started.

For example, the Bavarian Purity Law, which stipulates that the only ingredients that could be used in the production of beer were water, barley, and hops, dates from 1516, the year before

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